Incorporating human factors in emergency evacuation – An overview of behavioral factors and models

Evacuation modelling has developed over time from simple engineering equations that do not consider behavioral tendencies to more sophisticated models with the potential represent evacuation behaviors and decisions. This paper aims lay foundations for a realistic representation of human factors in models, which is needed ensure adequacy infrastructure, decision processes safety evacuation. To provide clearer picture empirical knowledge studies, generalized timeline introduced. Recent evidence studies fields both pedestrian vehicular evacuations are reviewed investigate impact various on evacuee behavior different phases. The consensus perspective key emerges then used review consolidate recent advances modelling, particular respect formulations techniques representing these behaviors. Within each discussions, we pointed current limitations make corresponding suggestions future research directions. • We present an overarching encompassing evacuees coordinators. use support systematic relevant models. summarize principal 42 statements.